The Ultimate Guide to Scrub Fabrics 

Medical scrubs are a vital piece of workwear for healthcare professionals, and are often worn for extended periods of time. Understandably, you’re likely to want scrubs which are comfortable, durable and breathable. Yet on top of these factors, there are several different qualities which you might need to consider before buying scrubs for yourself or your staff. These  qualities are often determined by the fabric from which your scrubs are made, as well as the way in which the fibres are woven together. The choice of fibre and weave can impact how your scrubs look and feel, as well as the care they require. Given the hours that the wearer can spend working professionally, as well as in front of your washing machine, it’s a good idea to know what you’re in for before you commit to new scrubs tops and pants. 

Here, in the ultimate guide to scrub fabrics, we’ll explain the different types of fibres commonly used to make high-quality scrub fabrics, as well as some of the common methods used for weaving them together. 

Fibres and Fabrics 

Cotton

Cotton is a staple fabric in the world of scrubs, offering numerous benefits to healthcare professionals. Known for its comfort and breathability, cotton is a popular choice for scrubs due to its ability to keep the wearer cool and comfortable during long shifts . Additionally, cotton is highly absorbent, making it ideal for wicking away moisture and keeping the skin dry. Its soft and gentle texture is gentle on the skin, reducing the risk of irritation or discomfort, making it suitable for individuals with sensitive skin. Furthermore, cotton scrubs are also easy to wash, as the material responds well to a range of cleaning methods. It can be washed on cool for lighter soiling, but it’s also resilient in warm water if you’ve picked up some stains. It’s best to dry cotton slowly, however, so line-drying is best to avoid shrinkage. We recommend cotton as a versatile and practical fabric choice for scrub wearers seeking comfort, durability, and ease of maintenance.

You could also consider in colder conditions, scrub tops made from cotton fabric, paired with an undershirt such as the Cherokee Undershirt Black Tee, it can be used to guarantee you comfort throughout your shift.

Polyester 

Polyester is a hugely versatile material, which is used to produce a range of goods including Liquid Crystal Displays, single-use water bottles, and of course, textiles. Polyester is a popular choice for scrubs, as it has several major benefits. It’s incredibly flexible, wrinkle-resistant and quick-drying, which helps healthcare workers to maintain a professional appearance on shift without needing to take on extra ironing duty when they get home. It’s also quick-drying, which can help to mitigate the mess of a busy shift.  Polyester can also be included in blended fabrics to offer these benefits, such as in the Cherokee Workwear V-neck scrub top or if you prefer as a jacket, the Cherokee workwear warm up navy jacket.

Because polyester is a synthetic material, polyester fabric does lack some of the natural benefits of cotton. For example, it can build up static electricity, and is more likely to allow sweat to build up than naturally-wicking cotton. It also has a slightly rough texture, and unless you’re careful during washing, it’s more likely to bleed colours than cotton, and can suffer from pilling. 

Many of these issues can be avoided with proper polyester care, however. Turning polyester clothing inside out can reduce pilling and protect the colour, whilst using a cool cycle combined with fabric softener can reduce the build up of static. We recommend polyester for scrub wearers seeking durability, moisture-wicking properties, and resistance to wrinkles and fading.

Spandex 

Often associated with the popular brand-name Lycra, Spandex is a popular synthetic fabric used to produce a wide range of high-performance garments such as cycling shorts, gym wear, leotards and, of course, medical scrubs. Its popularity comes as a result of its impressive lightweight elasticity, which makes it an ideal material for clothing which needs to move quickly and comfortably with an active body. It’s also abrasion resistant, soft on the skin, doesn’t build up static electricity, and retains its shape throughout plenty of use and washes. Also, though it’s not a true wicking fabric, it’s usually sufficiently lightweight to make it breathable. Spandex can also be included in blended fabrics to offer stretch, as is found in the Cherokee Core Stretch Scrub Pants. For medical professionals looking for scrubs that prioritize both flexibility and resilience, spandex blends are undoubtedly a top recommendation.

In order to keep your spandex clothing in good condition, it’s important to take proper care of your spandex whilst you’re washing it. Spandex benefits from a cool wash, so for especially soiled scrubs, it’s sensible to pre-soak them in detergent the night before. They can then be run on a gentle cool cycle, and dried on the coolest cycle possible, or ideally in the air.  

Rayon 

Rayon is amongst the most versatile of fabrics, as it can be altered to mimic the look and texture of a range of other materials, including silk, cotton and wool. It’s created by using industrial chemicals to purify cellulose fibres taken from organic materials such as wood pulp, and is therefore considered semi-synthetic; a term which expresses the amorphousness of the fabric, and its ability to be transformed to suit varied needs. 

Due to its ability to mimic other materials, it can be used to create flattering and comfortable scrubs and scrub accessories. One significant drawback is its tendency to shrink and lose shape when exposed to moisture or heat, making it less durable compared to other fabrics like polyester or cotton. Additionally, rayon is prone to wrinkling, requiring careful handling during laundering and ironing to maintain its appearance, making it ideal for items of clothing which you might rotate through your closet. . For example, you might own several Cherokee Infinity Underscrubs Long Tees, and wear each once a week. We recommend rayon for scrub wearers seeking luxurious comfort, excellent moisture absorption, and a soft, smooth texture against the skin.

To get the best out of your rayon scrubs, it’s important to wash them according to the proper guidance. This can vary between items of clothing, depending on how the rayon has been adapted for the garment. In general terms, however, it’s a good idea to pre-soak heavily soiled rayon, wash it by hand, and then air-dry the garment. 

Blends 

Each of these fibres come with their own distinct strengths and advantages. However, they often demonstrate their greatest strengths when combined to create fabric blends. It’s these blends which are most common for making scrubs. 

Poly/cotton blend 

Poly/cotton blends offer the best of both worlds; absorbent and soft like cotton, yet flexible, durable and able to retain shape like polyester. This blend is found in items such as the Cherokee Workwear Unisex Scrub Top, which is made from 65% polyester, and 35% cotton poplin. 

Fully Synthetic Blends 

These items are ideal for maintaining professionalism, as they are virtually wrinkle-free. Polyester, spandex and rayon are able to work together to create flexible, durable and abrasion resistant scrubs, such as the Cherokee trousers which have a 78% poly, 20% rayon and 2% spandex blend. 

In the case of both blended fabric types, it's worth bearing in mind that the properties and required care will vary depending on the exact blend found in each garment. For example, a synthetic blend with a large percentage of rayon may be more prone to wrinkles, but also softer than a poly/spandex blend. In each case, you should turn to the item’s label for specific care instructions. 

Weaves 

During medical training, you have to learn about the different parts of the body. However, nobody would consider your training complete if you didn’t also know how those parts work together to create a healthy whole. The same is true with scrub materials, as knowledge of the different fibres alone is not enough to understand how your garment will look and feel. You must also know about their weave, or the way in which the fibres are combined with one another to produce fabric, in order to really get a sense of the full picture.

Plain

As the name suggests, is the simplest and most common type of weave, where the warp and weft threads interlace alternately in a simple over-under pattern. Plain weave fabrics have a balanced structure and are known for their durability and versatility. 

One such plain weave is Poplin which is characterised by its subtle horizontal lines, which can produce a cording effect on close inspection. It’s widely used for shirts, skirts and raincoats, though it is also a popular choice for scrubs due to its natural resistance to wrinkles and stains, as well as its breathability. Poplin is often produced from cotton or poly/cotton blends.

Twill is another of the most common types of weave. Due to twill’s ability to resist stains, combined with its durability, twill is often used for the production of scrubs and other workwear. It’s recognizable by its diagonal lines, which are created by offsetting the warp threads, and which are responsible for the hardiness of this weave. Twill is most commonly made using cotton, polyester, or blends of these two fibres. 

Dobby 

Dobby is a rather special weave, which relies on the use of a special “dobby” attachment to the loom itself. The use of this attachment creates textured patterns which are physically integrated into the fabric. This not only creates a visual and physical texture which is more complex than plain cloth, but it can also help to increase the fabric’s resistance to creases, whilst improving its durability. However, it’s worth bearing in mind that whilst dobby makes a great material for scrubs, you should be cautious about combining dobby with socks. 

Extras 

There’s also one more element which can affect your scrubs. These are the added extras. Keep your eyes peeled for scrubs with anti-microbial or water-resistant coatings. 

If you feel ready to get started, we have a wide range of scrubs available at Medshop. Equally, if you need a bit more help, we have plenty of guidance to help you choose your medical workwear. Articles suggesting the best moisture wicking scrubs, what to wear underneath your scrubs, the best stethoscopes and more are all available on the Medshop Blog.

 

Author: Carolyn Cumper's career spans from being a Patrol Officer in Rhodesia to a Paediatric Nurse in the UK, and later a Deputy Hospice Manager in Australia. Her diverse journey includes roles in law enforcement, healthcare, and business, culminating in her significant contributions to Medshop.